A detailed map of the tunnels and their secrets were recorded in a journal, by Der Sonne.ДЄt one point, Corona was invaded by Der Sonne's sworn enemy, the ruthless General Shampanier. Under King Der Sonne's rule, a complex tunnel system was built beneath Corona to safely move the kingdom's knights and supplies wherever King Der Sonne needed.

During his reign, Corona was in a bitter war with their rival kingdom, Saporia. The oldest known of Corona's line of monarchs is King Herz Der Sonne. SwRI is also partnering with the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, the Polish Academy of Sciences Space Research Centre, and the MIT Lincoln Laboratory for critical science support.ДЇor more information, visit Heliophysics or contact Joanna Carver, +1 2, Communications Department, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238-5166.The central hub of Corona's kingdom was built on an island somewhere in Europe and grew over many years. CubIXSS includes major instrument contributions from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder. Work is set to begin on CubIXSS in late 2021, with a projected launch date of late 2024. Understanding how these things happen is very important to understanding why they happen, which will help us predict these вЂspace weatherвЂ™ events and mitigate their effects.вЂќ вЂњCMEs and solar flares can impact satellites and radio frequencies, disrupting communications both on Earth and to satellites in space. It drives almost everything that happens on our planet,вЂќ Caspi said. вЂњEven though it might seem like what weвЂ™re doing is very academic, studying the Sun is very important for people living on Earth. They also cause changes in EarthвЂ™s ionosphere, a charged region in the upper atmosphere, that can affect radio communications. X-rays from the Sun can contribute to expansion of EarthвЂ™s upper atmosphere, which can cause increased drag on satellites in low orbits and alter their trajectories. By measuring the abundances of these elements at each temperature, weвЂ™ll be able to tell where the heated plasma came from.вЂќД¬ubIXSS will be the first device of its kind to routinely measure certain wavelengths of solar X-ray emissions, which not only help to determine the abundances of solar elements but also have a direct impact on the Earth. вЂњPrevious observations have shown a higher proportion of certain elements in the corona than other regions of the Sun. вЂњSome elemental species вЂ“ certain ions вЂ“ can only exist in a specific range of temperatures, so seeing which elements are more prevalent helps us to create a temperature map,вЂќ Caspi said. It will carry multiple spectrometers to measure different wavelengths, or вЂњcolors,вЂќ of X-rays from the Sun, including a new kind of X-ray imaging spectrometer to determine the amounts of certain key elements in the SunвЂ™s corona, which will in turn allow Caspi to identify where that plasma was heated. вЂњCubIXSS will measure the X-rays that come from these phenomena, to allow us to unravel this mystery.вЂќДЄ standard CubeSat is a 10-centimeter cube with a one-liter volume, referred to as вЂњ1U.вЂќ CubIXSS takes up six of these units, or 6U, about the size of a shoebox or two loaves of bread. вЂњOne of the interesting things we donвЂ™t really know is how much plasma in solar flares is heated directly in the corona, and how much is heated in the SunвЂ™s lower atmosphere and then transported up to the corona,вЂќ Caspi said. That isВ considerably hotter than the rest of the SunвЂ™s corona, which typically ranges from 1 to a few million degrees, and much hotter than the SunвЂ™s surface, which is only about 6000 degrees. The solar flare heats the SunвЂ™s plasma in that region to heat up to tens of millions of degrees Celsius. вЂњThat snap releases a lot of energy, which we see as a solar flare.вЂќ вЂњA solar flare happens because the magnetic field in that active region has become so twisted and tangled that it basically вЂsnapsвЂ™ back into a less tangled shape,вЂќ said SwRI Principal Scientist Dr. CubIXSS will determine the origins of hot plasma вЂ“ highly ionized gas вЂ“ in solar flares and active regions.Д¬oncentrations of strong and complicated magnetic fields at the surface of the Sun are called вЂњactive regions.вЂќ These regions frequently spawn strong solar activity including explosive вЂњsolar stormsвЂќ such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The nanosatellite is expected to be launched in 2024 as a secondary payload on another satellite launch. 1, 2021 -В NASA has selected the CubeSat Imaging X-Ray Solar Spectrometer (CubIXSS), led by Southwest Research Institute, to measure the elemental composition of hot, multimillion-degree plasmas in the SunвЂ™s corona вЂ“ its outermost atmosphere.

Sun corona tangled